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Hitting the target with non-invasive deep brain stimulation: Potential therapy for addiction, depression, and OCDNeurological disorders, such as addiction, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), affect millions of people worldwide and are often characterized by complex pathologies involving multiple brain regions and circuits. These conditions are notoriously difficult to treat due to the intricate and poorly understood nature of brain functions and the challenge of delivering therapies to deep brain structures without invasive procedures. In the rapidly evolving field of neuroscience, ... Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - 5/29/2024Binge-eating disorder not as transient as previously thought: McLean Hospital researchers show that binge-eating disorder lasts years rather than months for many people, and relapse is commonBinge-eating disorder is the most prevalent eating disorder in the United States, but previous studies have presented conflicting views of the disorder's duration and the likelihood of relapse. A new five-year study led by investigators from McLean Hospital, a member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system, showed that 61 percent and 45 percent of individuals still experienced binge-eating disorder 2.5 and 5 years after their initial diagnoses, respectively. These results ... McLean Hospital - 5/28/2024Prenatal exposure to air pollution associated with increased mental health risksA baby’s exposure to air pollution while in the womb is associated with the development of certain mental health problems once the infant reaches adolescence, new research has found. The University of Bristol-led study, published in JAMA Network Open today [28 May], examined the long-term mental health impact of early-life exposure to air and noise pollution. Growing evidence suggests air pollution, which comprises toxic gases and particulate matter, might contribute to the ... University of Bristol - 5/28/2024No significant correlation found between labor-inducing drug during childbirth and future risk of ADHD and autism spectrum disorder in children, study findsAnalysis of data from a large and diverse sample from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort suggests that maternal exposure to synthetic oxytocin (sOT) during childbirth was not associated with an increased risk for ADHD or autism spectrum disorder in offspring. Associations did not differ by sex. Unexpectedly, sOT was associated with lower ADHD risk among children born to mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity. The study also found that 48% of laboring mothers ... Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes - 5/28/2024Two new studies by Mount Sinai researchers in science offer key insights into the origins and potential treatment of mental health disordersWorking under the umbrella of the PsychENCODE Consortium, the mental health research project established in 2015 by the National Institutes of Health, a team of Mount Sinai scientists has uncovered important new insights into the molecular biology of neuropsychiatric disease through two new studies published in a special issue of Science on Friday, May 24. These investigations, conducted with colleagues from other major research centers, involve the largest single-cell analysis to date ... The Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine - 5/23/2024Pioneering new study uncovers insights into PTSD & major depressive disorder: Findings may help researchers identify new therapeutic targets and biomarkersStress-related disorders like post-traumatic stress disorder and clinical depression are complex conditions influenced by both genetics and our environment. Despite significant research, the molecular mechanisms behind these disorders have remained elusive. However, researchers at Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin have broken new ground with a study that sheds light on the intricate differences occurring in the brains of people with PTSD and depression compared to ... University of Texas at Austin - 5/23/2024Mental disorders may spread in young people's social networksUsing population-wide registry data, researchers from the University of Helsinki, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, the University of Jyväskylä and the University of Manchester investigated whether mental disorders can be transmitted within social networks formed by school classes. The study is the largest and most comprehensive so far on the spread of mental disorders in social networks, with more than 700,000 ninth-grade pupils from 860 Finnish schools participating. University of Helsinki - 5/23/2024One in two children with ADHD experience emotional problems, study findsCambridge scientists have shown that problems regulating emotions -- which can manifest as depression, anxiety and explosive outbursts -- may be a core symptom of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In research published in Nature Mental Health, the team found that as many as one in two children with ADHD show signs of emotional dysregulation, and that Ritalin -- the commonly-prescribed drug to help the condition -- appears to be less effective at treating this symptom. University of Cambridge - 5/22/2024Transitioning gender identities is not linked with depression: A landmark longitudinal study of LGBTQ+ youths has found that transitioning gender identities is not associated with depressionA landmark longitudinal study of LGBTQ+ youths has found that transitioning gender identities is not associated with depression and that about 1 in 3 gender-minority youths change their gender identity more than once. In fact, the study found higher rates of depression among transgender youths are more closely associated with bullying and victimization. The findings from a team of researchers at The University of Texas at Austin and in Brazil are outlined in a paper in JAMA Network Open. University of Texas at Austin - 5/22/2024Social media-related nightmare — a potential explanation for poor sleep quality and low affective well-being in the social media era?The more time you spend on social media, the greater the likelihood of having unpleasant social-media related dreams that cause distress, sleep disruption and impact our peace of mind. Flinders University’s Reza Shabahang says that the vast and rapid adoption of social media has the potential to influence various aspects of life, including the realm of dreaming. “As social media becomes increasingly intertwined with our lives, its impact extends beyond waking hours, and may influence ... Flinders University - 5/19/2024Loneliness and mental health problems are interconnected: Are lonely people more likely to have problems with mental health? Yes, but the obverse is also true“We have found a correlation between loneliness and several mental health problems,” says Associate Professor Rubén Rodríguez-Cano at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU’s) Department of Psychology. In a new study, researchers are looking at whether lonely people are more prone to problems such as depression and psychosis. Based on medication use, the correlation is clear. “The risk of a lonely person also struggling with mental health problems is ... Norwegian University of Science and Technology - 5/16/2024Giving lessons to your teenage self could boost your wellbeing, say researchersAsking young adults to advise their younger selves could have a positive impact on their self-esteem, resilience and mental health, according to a new study from the University of Surrey. Researchers used a unique "photograph prompted think-aloud" method on 42 people aged 20-24 years old, where they reflected aloud while looking at a photo of themselves from their mid-teens. Many of the participants told their younger selves to be patient and embrace change and uncertainty. Others ... University of Surrey - 5/14/2024Chronic stress during adolescence may reduce fertility in adulthoodMale rats exposed to moderate and repeated stress during adolescence may have reduced fertility, according to research presented at the 26th European Congress of Endocrinology in Stockholm. This study sheds light on the harmful effects that early-life stress has on health and could help to uncover future prevention strategies for children and adolescents. While hormone levels fluctuate pathologically — especially during life stages such as puberty — stress can cause too much or too little ... European Society of Endocrinology - 5/10/2024Study shows heightened sensitivity to PTSD in autismFor the first time, researchers from the Queensland Brain Institute have proven that a mild stress is enough to trigger post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mouse models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Dr Shaam Al Abed and Dr Nathalie Dehorter have demonstrated that the two disorders share a reciprocal relationship, identifying a predisposition to PTSD in ASD, and discovering that core autism traits are worsened when traumatic memories are formed. University of Queensland - 5/9/2024Beyond therapy: Virtual reality shows promise in fighting depressionA new study published in JMIR Mental Health sheds light on the promising role of virtual reality (VR) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). Titled "Examining the Efficacy of Extended Reality–Enhanced Behavioral Activation for Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial," the research, led by Dr Margot Paul and team from Stanford University, unveiled the effectiveness of extended reality (XR)–enhanced behavioral activation (XR-BA) in easing symptoms of depression. JMIR Publications - 5/6/2024Birdwatching can help students improve mental health, reduce distressFor college students seeking to improve their mental health, a potential answer may be right outside their window: birdwatching. A new study finds people who have nature-based experiences report better well-being and lower psychological distress than those who do not. Birdwatching in particular yielded promising results, with higher gains in subjective well-being and more reduction in distress than more generic nature exposure, such as walks. Because birdwatching is an ... North Carolina State University - 5/3/2024Social-media break has huge impact on young women's body image, study findsThere's a large and growing body of evidence pointing to potentially negative impacts of social media on mental health, from its addictive nature to disruptions in sleep patterns to effects on body image. Now, a new study coming out of York University's Faculty of Health found young women who took a social media break for as little as one week had a significant boost in self-esteem and body image -- particularly those most vulnerable to thin-ideal internalization. York University - 5/1/2024An omega-6 fatty acid may reduce the risk for bipolar disorderA genetic propensity to higher circulating levels of lipids containing arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in eggs, poultry, and seafood, has been found to be linked with a lower risk for bipolar disorder, according to a new study in Biological Psychiatry, published by Elsevier. This new evidence paves the way for potential lifestyle or dietary interventions. Bipolar disorder is a debilitating mood disorder characterized by recurring episodes of mania and depression. Elsevier - 4/30/2024Women are 40% more likely to experience depression during the perimenopauseWomen are 40% more likely to experience depression in the perimenopause than those who aren’t experiencing any menopausal symptoms, finds a new study led by UCL researchers. The research, published in the Journal of Affective Disorders, provided a meta-analysis of seven studies involving 9,141 women from across the world (including Australia, USA, China, Netherlands and Switzerland), to understand whether different stages of the menopause were associated with different risk of depression. University College London - 4/30/2024Physical activity in nature helps prevent several diseases, including depression and type 2 diabetesPhysical activity in natural environments prevent almost 13,000 cases of non-communicable diseases a year in England and save treatment costs of more than £100m, new research from the University of Exeter has found. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the most common non-communicable diseases - including heart disease, stroke, cancer, diabetes, and chronic lung disease - cause 74 percent of global mortality. Non communicable diseases, also known as chronic diseases, are ... University of Exeter - 4/25/2024Survey finds loneliness epidemic runs deep among parents: Majority of respondents feel isolation, loneliness and burnout from demands of parenthoodA new national survey conducted by The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center finds a broad majority of parents experience isolation, loneliness and burnout from the demands of parenthood, with many feeling a lack of support in fulfilling that role. The survey of parents conducted this month found: About two-thirds (66%) felt the demands of parenthood sometimes or frequently feel isolating and lonely. About 62% feel burned out by their responsibilities as a parent. Nearly 2 in 5 ... Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center - 4/24/2024Low intensity exercise linked to reduced depressionNew research has found a significant association between participating in low to moderate intensity exercise and reduced rates of depression. Researchers from Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) carried out an umbrella review of studies carried out across the world to examine the potential of physical activity as a mental health intervention. The analysis, published in the journal Neuroscience and Biobehavioural Reviews, found that physical activity reduced the risk of depression by 23% and ... Anglia Ruskin University - 4/24/2024Language that could be clues to suicide differ between men and women: Researchers have uncovered differences in how suicides are described that could identify at-risk men in time to get helpThe suicide rate for men is about four times higher than for women. While men make up 50% of the population, they account for 80% of the suicides. Yet, suicide risk in men often goes unnoticed. Now new research may offer hope. A UCLA-led study of public health records has identified a vocabulary associated with events surrounding male suicides that could be useful in spotting individuals who need follow up care, and in improving public health messaging. University of California - Los Angeles - 4/24/2024Social media affects people’s views on mental illness: Subtle differences in messages have impact, study findsEven subtle differences in the wording of social media messages may be enough to sway young people’s beliefs about depression and anxiety and their treatment. In a new study, researchers found that college students were more optimistic about the possibility of successfully treating mental health problems after they read social media messages conveying what is called a “growth mindset.” But social media posts written with a “fixed mindset” led young people to feel that depression and ... Ohio State University - 4/23/2024In psychedelic therapy, clinician-patient bond may matter most: Study links relationship strength to reduced depression for up to 1 yearDrug effects have dominated the national conversation about psychedelics for medical treatment, but a new study suggests that when it comes to reducing depression with psychedelic-assisted therapy, what matters most is a strong relationship between the therapist and study participant. Researchers analyzed data from a 2021 clinical trial that found psilocybin (magic mushrooms) combined with psychotherapy in adults was effective at treating major depressive disorder. Data included ... Ohio State University - 4/22/2024High genetic risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder suggests possible health consequencesAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is closely linked to a person's mental and physical health and is often accompanied by a range of health problems in patients. Researchers at the University of Tartu found that this is also true for people who do not have a confirmed diagnosis but are at high genetic risk of developing ADHD. ADHD is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed more often in boys than in girls. It often persists into adulthood, but is frequently ... Estonian Research Council - 4/19/2024Scientists uncover 95 regions of the genome linked to PTSD: Findings from the largest genetic study of PTSD to date could help explain why only some people develop the condition after experiencing traumaIn posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), intrusive thoughts, changes in mood, and other symptoms after exposure to trauma can greatly impact a person’s quality of life. About 6 percent of people who experience trauma develop the disorder, but scientists don’t yet understand the neurobiology underlying PTSD. Now, a new genetic study of more than 1.2 million people has pinpointed 95 loci, or locations in the genome, that are associated with risk of developing PTSD, including 80 that ... Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard - 4/18/2024Gender stereotypes in schools impact on girls and boys with mental health difficulties, study findsGender stereotypes mean that girls can be celebrated for their emotional openness and maturity in school, while boys are seen as likely to mask their emotional distress through silence or disruptive behaviours. Children and teachers who took part in the study said they feared the mental health needs of boys might be missed at school, which makes them an 'at risk' group. Researchers have warned of the negative impacts on girls where the manifestation of emotional distress such as crying or ... University of Exeter - 4/17/2024Mindfulness and meditation: inward attention as a tool for mental healthFrom a young age, people learn the importance of paying attention to the environment around them. Less emphasized is the value of paying attention to their inner environment. Neuroscientists are increasingly studying how looking inward via mindfulness training can affect everything from depression and memory to stress levels and aging. As researchers work to uncover the neural mechanisms underlying these brain changes, they hope to elucidate best practices for people who ... Cognitive Neuroscience Society - 4/15/2024Study helps explain why childhood maltreatment continues to impact on mental and physical health into adulthoodChildhood maltreatment can continue to have an impact long into adulthood because of how it effects an individual’s risk of poor physical health and traumatic experiences many years later, a new study has found. Individuals who experienced maltreatment in childhood – such as emotional, physical and sexual abuse, or emotional and physical neglect – are more likely to develop mental illness throughout their entire life, but it is not yet well understood why this risk persists many decades ... University of Cambridge - 4/11/2024Living near green space associated with fewer emotional problems in preschool-age kids, NIH study findsChildren who live in areas with natural spaces (e.g., forests, parks, backyards) from birth may experience fewer emotional issues between the ages of 2 and 5, according to a study funded by the NIH Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program. While research has suggested that time in nature is important for mental health, studies examining the effects on young children are limited. ECHO investigators addressed this research gap by analyzing information from ... Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes - 4/10/2024More synchrony between parents and children not always betterMore synchrony between parents and children may not always be better, new research has revealed. For the first time a new University of Essex study looked at behavioural and brain-to-brain synchrony in 140 families with a special focus on attachment. It looked at how they feel and think about emotional bonds whilst measuring brain activity as mums and dads solved puzzles with their kids.The study -- published in Developmental Science -- discovered that mums with insecure attachment traits ... University of Essex - 4/9/2024Lonely children more likely to experience psychosis, new study findsA new study suggests that children who felt lonely for more than 6 months before the age of 12 are more likely to experience an episode of psychosis than children who did not, with women more affected than men. Psychosis refers to a collection of symptoms that affect a person’s mind, where there has been some loss of contact with reality.[1] During an episode of psychosis, a person may have difficulty recognising what is real and what is not.[1] Symptoms of psychosis include ... European Psychiatric Association - 4/9/2024Your unsupportive partner is physically stressing you out: New study finds link between cortisol and social support in couplesCouples feel more understood and cared for when their partners show positive support skills – and it’s evidenced by levels of the stress hormone cortisol in the body – according to new research from Binghamton University, State University of New York. A team of Binghamton University researchers including Professor of Psychology Richard Mattson conducted a study of 191 heterosexual married couples to find out if better communication skills while giving and receiving ... Binghamton University - 4/8/2024Heart disease, depression linked by inflammation: studyCoronary artery disease and major depression may be genetically linked via inflammatory pathways to an increased risk for cardiomyopathy, a degenerative heart muscle disease, researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital have found. Their report, published April 5 in the journal Nature Mental Health, suggests that drugs prescribed for coronary artery disease and depression, when used in combination, potentially may reduce inflammation ... Vanderbilt University Medical Center - 4/8/2024Disparities in sleep health and insomnia may begin at a young ageMost people have experienced a night or two of sleeplessness, tossing and turning while being unable to fall asleep or stay asleep. But for some people, sleep disturbances aren’t just a one-off occurrence, and they can begin in childhood. A team, led by Penn State researchers, found that children and teens from racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by persistent insomnia symptoms that begin in childhood and continue through young adulthood. Specifically, ... Penn State - 4/8/2024A deep dive into the genetics of alcohol consumption: Exploration of 3 million records uncovers connections between gene variants governing alcohol use and many non-alcohol-related conditionsA research group centered at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine has drilled deep into a dataset of over 3 million individuals compiled by the direct-to-consumer genetics company 23andMe, Inc., and found intriguing connections between genetic factors influencing alcohol consumption and their relationship with other disorders. The study was recently published in the Lancet eBioMedicine. University of California - San Diego - 4/5/2024Study: Suicides among college athletes doubled in 20 yearsThe number of U.S. collegiate athletes who died by suicide doubled between 2002 and 2022, according to a study published today, April 4, in the British Journal of Sports Medicine. Suicide is now the second most common cause of death, after accidents, in this group. “We found that the annual mortality rate in this population has been pretty similar over the last 20 years, but suicide death is accounting for a greater portion of the total," said Bridget Whelan, the lead author. She is a ... University of Washington School of Medicine/UW Medicine - 4/4/2024Increasing positive affect in adolescence could lead to improved health and well-being in adulthood: Adolescents who reported higher feelings of happiness and calm reported lower rates of anxiety and higher optimism as adultsAdolescents with high positive affect may have improved physical and mental health as adults, according to a study published April 2nd in the open-access journal PLOS Medicine by Eric Kim and Renae Wilkinson from Harvard University, US, and colleagues. Positive affect is the experience of pleasurable emotions, such as happiness, joy, excitement, and calm. Research on adults has shown that positive affect is associated with healthier behaviors and decreased risk of chronic diseases, ... PLOS - 4/2/2024New initiative improves detection, evaluation of ADHDAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common pediatric neurobehavioral disorder with a prevalence of approximately 7%-10% in school-age children. ADHD significantly affects functioning throughout life including academic achievement, social and family relationships and occupational success, predisposing individuals to secondary psychopathology, substance use, justice system involvement and suicide. Fortunately, ADHD is treatable, most effectively with ... Boston University School of Medicine - 4/1/2024
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